PERCEPÇÕES DO POSITIVISMO NOS ESCRITOS CRÍTICOS DE RAMALHO ORTIGÃO E GONZAGA DUQUE

Abstract

This article analyzes the reception of positivism in the art criticism of Ramalho Ortigão and Gonzaga Duque, two Portuguese-speaking intellectuals from the 19th century. Both authors demonstrate how positivism was an ideological solution to interpret their social realities, revealing the influence of this philosophical current in their artistic and social criticism, despite the lack of direct influence between them. The phenomenon of positivism is also analyzed from the perspective of the middle classes in both contexts, linking it to cultural development and the formation of capitalist society in Europe and Brazil.