UNESP Journal of Legal Studies

EDITORIAL

2026-02-02T10:59:21-03:00

DERECHO AMBIENTAL POSITIVO COMO PROTECTOR DE PARADIGMAS TECNOLÓGICOS FALLIDOS

2025-04-03T11:10:30-03:00

¿Cuál es el papel del derecho ambiental positivo en la protección de los paradigmas tecnológicos fallidos? El paradigma tecnológico dominante hasta ahora ha fracasado porque ha llevado a una crisis ambiental que se ha agravado y que demuestra que este paradigma tecnológico dominante es irreconciliable con los fundamentos del sistema jurídico romano-germánico (y del sistema del common law) y las identidades occidentales. Las ideologías arraigadas en la modernidad occidental que encuentran su expresión, por ejemplo, en las opiniones de Friedrich von Hayek y Karl Marx han ofrecido un camuflaje para los crímenes y otras ilegalidades cometidas contra los fundamentos e identidades antes mencionados. La obra de Heinrich Pesch muestra que la economía puede existir sin dichos crímenes y otras ilegalidades. Liberar a la ingeniería y a las ciencias naturales de las ideologías proporciona un impulso a la inventiva y al surgimiento de un nuevo paradigma tecnológico dominante. En este contexto, la regulación que respete los fundamentos e identidades antes mencionados puede desempeñar un papel constructivo. Algunas normas existentes, por ejemplo la Directiva 2003/87/CE, deben reemplazarse por prohibiciones generalizadas, pero, por ejemplo, las Regulaciones 2024/1787/UE y 2023/851/UE son menos problemáticas.

ESTRATÉGIAS CALIFORNIANAS PARA A FOME BRASILEIRA

2025-05-31T15:57:51-03:00

O cenário de insegurança alimentar e nutricional na sua modalidade mais grave (fome) é uma realidade de agrupamentos humanos vulneráveis nos mais diversos países, incluindo os Estado Unidos e o Brasil. Com vistas a superar referida situação, em 2024, a erradicação da fome na Califórnia foi tema do Assembly bill n. 1961, um projeto de lei californiano que veiculou uma série de inovações estratégicas. Nesse sentido, tomando por amostra o projeto do End Hunger in California Act of 2024 (AB 1961), esta pesquisa objetivou analisar quais inovações daquela proposta normativa podem ser objetos de replicação e/ou adaptação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, servindo como lições potencialmente exitosas a serem adotadas pelo Brasil no cenário eventual de reforma ou de criação de uma legislação brasileira voltada à erradicação da fome. Alcançando o objetivo desta pesquisa descritiva, documental e telematizada, foram constatadas 3 (três) inovações passíveis de replicação ou adaptação no ordenamento local: i) reconhecimento estatal da necessidade de criação de uma regra primária estruturante de políticas públicas especificamente voltadas à erradicação da fome; ii) enfoque no enfrentamento do racismo alimentar e iii) enfoque no enfrentamento dos desertos alimentares.

O IMPACTO SONORO DAS TORRES EÓLICAS E O DIREITO AO SILÊNCIO

2025-03-20T08:00:00-03:00

The present research aims to analyze the decisions handed down by the Court of Justice of Rio Grande do Norte (TJRN) in cases of noise pollution caused by wind farms. The study seeks to understand the arguments and legal grounds adopted by the court, in light of environmental civil liability. The methodology used includes a bibliographic and documentary review, along with the deductive method to examine legal cases with decisions on the merits between 2017 and 2024, specifically on noise pollution caused by these enterprises. The qualitative approach aims to deepen the analysis of the procedural process, emphasizing the role of evidence and its influence on judicial decisions. Additionally, the factual situations presented by residents affected by the damage and the justifications offered by companies are examined. In this context, the legal implications of these demands, the social and economic impacts resulting from environmental damage, as well as the TJRN's stance on these socio-environmental conflicts are explored. The analysis revealed that the court often resorts to general principles of law, without thoroughly addressing the specific aspects of environmental civil liability. While this approach is valid, it proves insufficient to address the complexity of the socio-environmental issues presented. In this regard, the research demonstrates its relevance by critically analyzing both the procedural development and the legal issues involved, contributing to the improvement and strengthening of Environmental Law. Specifically, it demonstrates the importance of ecological-economic zoning as a preventive instrument fo socio-environmental conflicts and a guiding criterion for the judicial decision-making process.

INSTITUTO DA INTERNAÇÃO PROVISÓRIA PRESENTE NO ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE (ECA)

2025-01-15T09:37:39-03:00

O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, Lei n° 8.069 de 1990, prevê um rito processual especial aos adolescentes que configuram como supostos autores de atos infracionais. Nesse sentido, com o objetivo de garantir a prioridade procedimental e de conceder institutos eficazes para a efetivação dos direitos dos jovens, surge a medida cautelar de internação provisória, porém propulsiona divergências no sentido de entender quais requisitos devem ser analisados para o deferimento ou indeferimento da medida. Devido a isso, a primeira hipótese estuda os requisitos previstos nos artigos 108 e 174 ─ ambos do ECA ─ para assim considerar todas as circunstâncias e condições que envolveram determinada prática infracional. Já a segunda hipótese discorre sobre a necessidade de atender alguns dos requisitos previstos no rol taxativo do art. 122 do mesmo diploma, que eleva a importância do ato infracional cometido e restringe as possibilidades de aplicação do instituto. Pois, ao considerar a doutrina da proteção integral e princípios norteadores do ECA, percebe-se a imperiosa necessidade de aplicar a medida cautelar de internação provisória aos casos em que as circunstâncias pessoais dos adolescentes assim a autorizam, ou seja, à luz dos artigos 108 e 174 do ECA. Acerca disso, o presente trabalho é embasado em doutrinas e em teses de doutorado sobre o tema, mas principalmente em acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná.

LAW FROM THE ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY

2025-04-22T20:32:47-03:00

This article analyzes the conceptualization of law from the perspective of Actor-Network Theory (ANT), proposed by Bruno Latour, with the aim of incorporating a new theoretical and methodological perspective that broadens the horizons of legal research. To this end, we first summarize the postulates of ANT and then analyze its manifestation in law. Finally, we outline some consequences for legal research and the contribution that the incorporation of this new social theory allows to legal science.

FROM LITERARY PLOT TO CIVILIZATIONAL DILEMMAS

2025-03-20T17:57:44-03:00

The theme of this research focuses on refugees with disabilities from the perspective of the human right to health. The general objective is to address the inclusion and protection of people with disabilities in the context of the human right to health through the analysis of war refugee in the Middle East through the experience of Nujeen Mustafa. The specific objectives are: 1) Study the war refuge in the Middle East locus; 2) Address the human right to health embedded in the story of Nujeen Mustafa as a refugee with a disability. The theoretical basis used to support the research is the Theory of Fraternal Law, developed by the Italian jurist Eligio Resta. Methodologically, the deductive method was used, instrumentalized by bibliographic and documentary analysis. Given the international panorama of inclusion in the protection of people with disabilities in the context of the human right to health, the question arises: is it possible to analyze the war refugees in the Middle East based on Nujeen's experience from the perspective of Fraternal Law? It appears that there are multiple barriers that hinder the realization of human rights, especially the human right to health for war refugees with disabilities in the Middle East. Fraternity acquires a power that fragments the military adversary of war in favor of the realization of human rights.

The Chilean Constituent Process:

2024-07-02T10:31:34-03:00

The present research has the general objective of investigating whether the Chilean Constituent Process has the elements that indicate the presence of Legal Pluralism and, thus, analyzing to wat extent the New Constitution proposals managed to change the bases of modern law and provide greater participation (formal and material). In this sense, we initially intend to present the legal, social and political bases on which modern law is organized in colonized countries in Latin America; expose the theoretical bases of Latin American Constitutionalism and, finally, develop the historical, social, political and legal panorama in which the Chilean Constituent Process develops, to then answer the initial question. To this end, the deductive method was used, in which the general themes surrounding the subject are studied, and then the specific case is analyzed. From the discussions presented, the conclusion is that, to date, Chile still does not seem to be approaching an experience related to the New Latin American Constitutionalism, as the 2023 text, rejected by more than half of voters, is resurging in the recognition of rights, especially those of traditional peoples, and maintains the Subsidiary State that exists today. Only the new steps of the Constituent Process will be able to indicate how Chile can position itself as one of the few countries in Latin America that has not yet been able to experiment with the New Latin American Constitutionalism.

A CORTE CONTRA AS FAKE NEWS (2018-2022)

2025-02-28T18:16:44-03:00

Excessive information facilitates disinformation, increases institutional disbelief and, consequently, weakens democracy. “Infodemic” is the expression that designates it. It impacts the efficiency of democratic institutions in the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Peace achieved by effective institutions is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (n. 16) to which States have committed themselves. There is a dilemma to be solved by current democracies in facing the excess and poor quality of information. During the years 2018 to 2022, the Supreme Court committed itself to fighting them: two police inquiries and an information campaign were initiated. This research gravitated around three problems: what were the strategies employed by the STF? Were they efficient for the defense of the institutions of the Democratic State of Law or were they destined to the corporative preservation of the Supreme Court members? Was there a danger of democratic backsliding? The investigation, of a theoretical nature, raised the State of the Art around the problems pointed out. The solution was found mainly through a deductive approach, exceptionally inductive, consisting of the documental analysis of the decisions in the Inquiries instituted and in the information campaign. In the end, it was concluded that the Court's strategies occur efficiently for democratic preservation, have a low effectiveness as a pedagogical strategy and there is a manifest danger of producing authoritarian precedents, despite the need and the exceptionality of the moment that was experienced.

REVISITING SCALING THEORY

2025-03-01T08:54:29-03:00

The theory of scaling legal norms is one of the pillars of the pure theory of law. The objective of the article is to discuss the pyramidal iconographic representation of the legal order attributed to Kelsen and the staggered structure of the legal order developed by Kelsen. Specifically, the objective is to: a) present the staggered structure of the legal order developed by Kelsen: b) identify the contradictions between the pyramidal structure of the legal order attributed to Kelsen and the staggered structure of the legal order developed by Kelsen; c) demonstrate that the pyramidal structure of the legal order does not correspond to the staggered structure of the legal order developed by Kelsen. Methodologically, this is a bibliographical research. From the above, it is inferred that: 1) with regard to the iconographic representation in a pyramidal shape, usually used in academic circles in the area of Law in Brazil, it is necessary to state that Hans Kelsen did not use such representation; 2) regarding the effect(s) of using the iconographic representation in a pyramidal shape attributed to Hans Kelsen, it can be said that this distorts the understanding of the meaning of the construction of the interpretative process of Law developed by Hans Kelsen himself.

CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE AGENDA AROUND THE NEW MIGRATION LAW

2025-03-11T22:04:41-03:00

The 20th century is more representative of demographic flows than any other in human history. In Brazil, whose social and political formation is closely linked to these flows, the enactment of the Migration Law (2017) marked the overcoming of the paradigm of national security and nationalism with the adoption of humanitarian principles more in line with the constitutional and conventional commitments assumed by the country. The approval of the law was influenced by social movements and diverse actors who managed, as far as possible, to contribute to the elaboration of a cutting-edge legal instrument. The objective of the research consisted of investigating, through mixed methodologies, the effective democratic representation in the dialogues surrounding the construction of the current Brazilian Migration Law. As a research question, the following question was posed: to what extent did the actions of social movements impact the formulation and approval of the new Brazilian Migration Law? The general objective sought to describe the Brazilian migration phenomenon and investigate the participation of civil society interest groups in the construction of agendas surrounding the formulation of the new Brazilian Migration Law. The aim of this study was to fill gaps in the study of migration, in its social dynamics, as a defining element of Brazil's domestic and foreign policy. As a specific objective, the work presented the most recent discussions on issues related to migration and, based on them, analyzed the Brazilian migratory profile. Additionally, the work investigated the role of different actors in the legislative construction carried out in the context of the public hearings that preceded the approval and enactment of the Migration Law.